If clauses
As if clauses em inglês são as orações condicionais utilizadas em diversas situações e sempre vêm acompanhadas pelo termo If (se).
Elas são empregadas para falar de planos futuros, de situações prováveis ou improváveis de acontecerem, ou mesmo de escolhas que foram feitas no passado.
As if clauses são formadas por duas sentenças: a if clause (oração condicional) e a main clause (oração principal). Ou seja, uma oração subordinada e outra principal.
Elas são classificadas de quatro maneiras: zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional e third conditional.
Zero Conditional
O zero conditional Indica fatos que ocorrem com frequência, e ainda, é empregada para dar ordens.
Sua formação é: if + simple present + simple present
Exemplos:
- If I study a lot, I get tired. (Se eu estudo muito, fico cansado.)
- If you need help, talk to the teacher. (Se você precisa de ajuda, fale com o professor.)
First Conditional
O first conditional indica possibilidades ou ações futuras prováveis.
Sua estrutura é: If + simple present + simple future + infinitivo
Exemplos:
- If you buy one of these books now, I will get a good price for you. (Se você comprar um desses livros agora, eu conseguirei um bom preço para você.)
- If I go to London, I will buy an English guidebook. (Se eu for a Londres, eu comprarei um guia de inglês.)
Second Conditional
O second conditional indica situações pouco prováveis ou que podem até serem irreais no futuro.
Sua estrutura é: If+ simple past + would, could, might, should + infinitivo (sem to)
Exemplos:
- If I had lots of money, I could buy a big house. (Se eu tivesse muito dinheiro, eu poderia comprar uma casa grande.)
- If I lived in Brazil, I would be happy. (Se eu morasse no Brasil, eu seria feliz.)
Third Conditional
O third conditional indica algo que não ocorreu no passado e, por isso, muitas vezes expressa arrependimento.
Sua formação é: if + past perfect + would have, could have, might have + past participle
Exemplos:
- If we had saved some money, we would have bought a new car. (Se nós tivéssemos economizado dinheiro, nós teríamos comprado um carro novo.)
- If she had come on saturday, I would have seen her. (Se ela tivesse vindo no sábado, eu a teria visto.)
Exercícios de If clauses
1. (Mackenzie-SP) Complete with the correct verb tense:
I) If I _____ it, I would visit you
II) If she is sad, ______ her a story
III) If you lit the room, we _____ better
IV) If you ____ angry, don’t shout at me
a) knows – tells – would see – is
b) knew – tell – would see – are
c) knew – told – is seeing – were
d) know – tells – will see – is
e) know – told – would see – am
2. (PUCCAMP-SP) Which of the following sentences is correct?
a) If I had a lot of money, I would drink champagne with you every meal.
b) If I had a lot of money, I will drink champagne with you every meal.
c) If I had a lot of money, I drank champagne with you every meal.
d) If I had a lot of money, I would drank champagne with you every meal.
e) If I had a lot of money, I would drinked champagne with you every meal.
3. (UEL-PR) Choose the correct alternative:
“If you don’t go, ______ very angry”
a) I’ll be
b) I am
c) I have been
d) I was
e) I feel
4. (UEL-PR) Choose the correct alternative:
“What would you do ____ you won 20.000 dollar?”
“I would ______ go away for some time to decide what to do with such a lot of money”
a) unless – before
b) then – after
c) but – last
d) so – during
e) if – first
5. (PUC-PR) Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form.
If I won a lottery I ________ around the world.
a) traveled
b) will travel
c) would travel
d) am traveling
e) travel
Leia também:
DIANA, Daniela. If clauses. Toda Matéria, [s.d.]. Disponível em: https://www.todamateria.com.br/if-clauses/. Acesso em: